![]() The reforms of the 1980s had led to a nascent market economy that benefited some people but seriously disadvantaged others, and the one-party political system also faced a challenge to its legitimacy. The protests were precipitated by the death of pro-reform Chinese Communist Party (CCP) general secretary Hu Yaobang in April 1989 amid the backdrop of rapid economic development and social change in post-Mao China, reflecting anxieties among the people and political elite about the country's future. The popular national movement inspired by the Beijing protests is sometimes called the '89 Democracy Movement ( Chinese: 八九民运 pinyin: Bājiǔ mínyùn) or the Tiananmen Square Incident ( Chinese: 天安门事件 pinyin: Tiān'ānmén shìjiàn). Estimates of the death toll vary from several hundred to several thousand, with thousands more wounded. The protests started on 15 April and were forcibly suppressed on 4 June when the government declared martial law and sent the People's Liberation Army to occupy parts of central Beijing. ![]() In what is known as the Tiananmen Square Massacre, or in Chinese the June Fourth Clearing ( Chinese: 六四清场 pinyin: Liùsì qīngchǎng) or June Fourth Massacre ( Chinese: 六四屠杀 pinyin: liùsì túshā), troops armed with assault rifles and accompanied by tanks fired at the demonstrators and those trying to block the military's advance into Tiananmen Square. The Tiananmen Square protests, known in Chinese as the June Fourth Incident ( Chinese: 六四事件 pinyin: liùsì shìjiàn), were student-led demonstrations held in Tiananmen Square, Beijing during 1989. No precise figures exist, estimates vary from hundreds to several thousands, both military and civilians (see death toll section) Western economic sanctions and arms embargoes on the People's Republic of China.Jiang Zemin, previously Party Secretary of Shanghai, promoted to General Secretary and paramount leader by Deng Xiaoping.Zhao Ziyang purged from General Secretary and Politburo.Rioters charged with violent crimes were executed in the following months.Protest leaders and pro-democracy activists later exiled or imprisoned.More protests across China in reaction to the crackdown.Several soldiers killed, thousands wounded by rioters on 3 to 4 June after civilians were killed on 3 June.Hundreds to thousands killed, thousands wounded inside and outside Tiananmen Square. ![]()
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